Solution
Short answer: No, it is not supported. It was once semi-possible to run cPanel behind a NAT firewall, however the system has changed somewhat so that if you use more than one server behind the NAT (more than one appears from behind the same public IP), the license server will lock the public IP out to prevent abuse. There are other technical problems such as virtual hosting with apache and domain->ip mapping, dns and so on that prevent us from supporting this method.